時間:2013-02-19 來源:合肥網hfw.cc 作者:hfw.cc 我要糾錯
一、戒“從一而終”
漢語要言不煩,句子機動,往往是一個漢語詞匯對應N個英語詞匯,詳細到在本句中應當采取哪個意項,務必捉住精力本質,不能夠不變應萬變。至于怎么應變,這就是顯示譯者功力的處所了。比方都是“問題”,下面的翻譯各不雷同。
獨特關懷的問題questions of common interest
解決問題solve a problem
問題的要害the heart of the matter
要害問題a key problem
準則問題a question/matter of principle
不什么問題without any mishap
摩托車有點問題Something is wrong with the motorcycle.
問題不在這里That is not the point.
譯者要控制這種漢英翻譯中的“游擊戰術”,翻譯家應是不同“文明王國”邊疆線上的“游擊策略家”。
沙博里將《水滸傳》譯為Outlaws of the Marsh(池沼地上的流亡之徒),楊憲益譯將屈原的《國殤》譯為For Those Fallen for Their Country,北外出版社將《儒林外史》譯為The Scholars。這些都是譯者吃透了原文的原意而譯出的佳作。
二、戒顧名思義,機械直譯
這多半是初學者犯的弊病,他們易于被名義景象所困惑。
黃牛(yellow cowox前誤后正,下同)
黃鸝(yellow bird oriole)
黃瓜( yellow meloncucumber)
紫菜(purple vegetable laver)
紅木(red woodpadauk)
紅豆杉(red firChinese yew)
黑社會(black society sinistergang)
三、戒“水土不符”,習慣搭配失當
這確實是難度系數較大的問題,它請求譯者既有較高的中文涵養,又要有較高的英文成就,一知半解的人經常在此“翻車”。如
寫罷,擲筆在桌上。又歌了一回,再飲數杯酒,不覺陶醉,翻譯公司,力不勝酒,便呼侍者盤算了,取些銀子算還,多的都賞了侍者。
And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. SongJiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change. (沙博里譯《水滸傳·潯陽樓宋江吟反詩》)
目前,《水滸傳》最好的英譯本要數沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里誕生在美國,青年時來到中國,一住就是半個多世紀。為了譯好《水滸傳》,據說他潛心研討了的處所志跟舊時方言,堪稱精誠所致,譯著既“達”又“雅”。然而歷史告知咱們,中國古人不用過鋼筆,宋朝時用的仍是羊毫,故the pen 應改為the writingbrush。
下面的譯文就較好地照料到了西方人的思維跟懂得習慣
美國把商業和扯在一起,只會侵害兩國的經濟好處。
The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries,文件翻譯.
關起門來搞建設是不成的,中國的發展離不開世界。
China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world.
四、戒主語黯淡
主語是句子的靈魂,定住譯文的主語是癥結的一步棋。主語定偏了,全部句子將顯得疏松乏力,甚至會誤導讀者。例如
假如這個問題不解決,勢必影響兩國的好處。
Failure to settle this issue is bound to impair the relations between the two countries seriously.
If the problem is not solved, it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries.
在上面的兩種譯文中,顯然第一種譯文主語選得好,句子流利。又如
夏威夷的沙灘上,椰影婆娑,海風習習,一妙齡女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上養神。
On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenialsea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastic chair resting to restore energy.
由于是輕松讀本,又是描寫性的文字,應用三個主語the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady還是可取的。
五、戒構造枯燥,組合僵硬“拉郎配”
因為漢英結構不同,表白方法迥異,硬性翻譯不僅讀起來別扭,而且會鬧出笑話。這就請求譯者在翻譯時靈巧應用整合的技能,將句子整合,凸顯漢語中所隱含的檔次,彌補所缺失的成分。有時要將簡略句譯成并列句,有時將并列句譯成主從句。
在留念大學畢業20周年聚首時,我突然問起本來的班主任“我個子又不矮,怎么把我部署在了第一排呢?”
At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then” Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?”
一個高度近視的女博士去擦鞋店擦高統靴,禿頭老板親身蹲下來給她服務。
When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopicwent to shoespolishing shop for her buskins,the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.
六、戒“愚忠”,不諳增減之道
咱們耳熟能詳的貨色本國人可能會覺得一頭霧水,譯者須要增添必要的闡明和彌補或者減譯。否則,外國人會不知所云。究竟,漢譯英終極是給外國人看的。
例如風水
fengshuithe location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.
七、戒語句重復
漢語多反復,以強化語氣;英語則要盡量防止反復。
王曰“此鳥不飛則已,一飛沖天;不鳴則已,一舉成名。”
“The bird may not have flown yet”, replied the King, “Once it does, it will soar to the sky. I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone.”(楊憲益譯《史記幽默列傳》
中國人也好,本國人也好,逝世人也好,活人也好,專業英語翻譯,對的就是對的,錯誤的就是錯誤的。
What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living.
八、戒重整旗鼓,走失精氣神
譯文要力求其“信”,盡可能符合漢語本來句子的氣概、情感和構造。
例如,元朝人王實甫寫下了《西廂記》,張雪靜改編后并作了翻譯
取出張生那封信,回首環視見梳妝臺上的梳妝盒,眼睛一轉,心里說有了,將信放了進去,合上蓋時成心壓了一角露在外面。
Rose took out Zhang's letter, she thought,德語翻譯, “I
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